Single and 3 Phase Motors

Single-Phase Motors (up to ~ 10 HP) run on a single AC voltage, are not self-starting, requiring external devices like capacitors. They have simple construction, lower starting torque, and are generally used for smaller loads in residential/commercial applications like fans, pumps, and small compressors. Conversely, 3-Phase Motors (typically > 5 HP) use three AC voltages 120 apart, creating a smooth, self-starting rotating magnetic field. They offer higher efficiency, superior torque, and are widely utilized for heavy industrial loads like large pumps, cranes, and manufacturing machinery, often being smaller for the same power rating but more complex to install.